Yudi Imana et al. 2025. The Geopolitical and Religious Conditions of the Arabian Peninsula Prior to the Prophethood of Muhammad SAW: an Anthropological and Historical Perspective. Cakrawala: Journal of Religious Studies and Global Society. 2, 2 (Nov. 2025), 134–145. DOI:https://doi.org/10.63142/cakrawala.v2i2.297.