Legal Effectiveness and Gaps in ODGJ Protection: Rights and Maqāṣid Analysis

Dinda Zilfattisa  Kusnan; Zamroni  Abdussamad; Fitran  Amrain; Akmal Hidayah  Halim

doi:10.63142/al-battar.v3i1.511

Authors

Dinda Zilfattisa Kusnan Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia Author
Zamroni Abdussamad Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia Author
Fitran Amrain Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia Author
Akmal Hidayah Halim International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63142/al-battar.v3i1.511

Keywords:

Legal Protection, ODGJ, Legal Functionalization, Human Rights, Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘Ah (Obligatory Principles Of Islamic Law), , Non-Discrimination

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the disharmony between normative regulation and the implementation of the protection of Persons with Mental Disorders (ODGJ) in Indonesia, especially at the regional level, by integrating the perspectives of national law, human rights, and Islamic law. The method used is normative legal research (doctrinal legal research) enriched with a socio-legal approach. The research approach includes the statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach, with theoretical frameworks in the form of legal functionalization theory, legal protection theory, and maqāṣid al-syarī'ah which emphasizes the protection of the soul (ḥifẓ al-nafs) and the principle of non-discrimination. The results of the study show that the failure of ODGJ protection does not stem from weaknesses in legal norms, but from structural failures in implementation. The disharmony of regulations is reflected in weak coordination between agencies, limited resources for mental health workers, and the lack of operational and applicable regional regulations. In addition, the legal culture of the community that is still full of stigma and discrimination exacerbates the ineffectiveness of legal protection for ODGJ. This study concludes that the effectiveness of ODGJ protection requires an integrative model that incorporates a human rights approach and the values of maqāṣid al-syarī'ah in an implemented manner. The main findings confirm that the main problem lies in structural and cultural aspects, not normative; Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen implementing regional regulations, increase institutional capacity and mental health services, and social interventions based on public education to remove stigma, in order to realize an inclusive, effective, and equitable ODGJ protection system.

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Author Biographies

Dinda Zilfattisa Kusnan, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia

Mahasiswa S1 Ilmu Hukum Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
Zamroni Abdussamad, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia

Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia
Fitran Amrain, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia

Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia
Akmal Hidayah Halim, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia

Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, International Islamic University Malaysia

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